Friday 5 January 2024

4th Semester Geology

 COURSE –XXI: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY


Unit-1

Importance of geology in civil engineering. Merits and de-merits of civil engineering in folds, faults, and joints affected area. Engineering properties of rocks test of rocks used as foundation sites, building stones, aggregates, and as ballast.                                                              15 hours

Unit-2

Dam and its parts, types of dam, Geological consideration for the selection of a dam site, Reservoir: Geological consideration, capacity of reservoir, water tightness and influencing factors. Silting and de-silting of reservoir.                                                                                        10 hours

Unit-3

Geological consideration in major engineering projects: construction of tunnels, highways, bridges and canals, lining of tunnel. Landslide: classification, causes, effects, and prevention. Asesimic designing-seismicity in India and earthquake resistant structures.                     10 hours

Unit-4

Problems of Groundwater in engineering projects. Geotechnical case study of major projects in India viz; Bhakra Nangal Project, Nagaarjunsagar project Andhra Pradesh etc.               15 hours


Recommended Books:-

Arora, D.S. (1988).Geology for Engineers, Mohindra Capital Publishers, Chandigarh                          Bell F G, 1999: Geological Hazards. Rout ledge                                                                                Kryine, D.H. and Judd, W.R. (1998). Principles of Engineering Geology, CBS Edition, Delhi.        Parbin Singh: Engineering and General Geology. KatsonPubl House                                        Ramnathan RM: Engineering Geology. Anuradha Agency T N                                                          Reddy, D.V. (1995). Engineering Geology for Civil Engineers, IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.            Richey JE: Elements of Engineering Geology. Sir Issac Pitman & Sons                                          Sharma, S.K. (1965). A text book of building construction. S Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.            Sumit K 1992: Environmental Hazards. Routledge                                                                          Trefethen NC: T B of Geology and Engineering Geology. Mc Millan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.                                                

2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.                                                                                    First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15 marks each.                      

3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:                                                              a. 5 marks for attendance                                                                                                                              b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc




















Ek bar koshish to kar ke dekho hpu mein ki exam fir se de sakte hai , course pass kar sakte hai , mana karna Controller of exam ka kaam hai , ek baar puch ke to dekho ki is course ko clear kar sakte hai , nhi to degree waise bhi incomplete ya undone hai .


fail , undone course to rahenge hi , lekin agar is invalid course ko valid kar sakte hai , to usko shuruat karke dena chahiye .


























I m not even 60% marks


Then I would wish to make 40% marks to 70% marks it

that is giving 4-5 exams where I may get 80 marks , to make it 70% marks it .


For PhD , I might need 60+ marks , and for foreign universities I might need 80% marks .



Tuesday 12 December 2023

How would I get rid of mother and father who are dangerous to my peace .

 Rent a space in another place . I can have money , but I cannot have heart , to wish for my own normalness . 

I m most warm hearted for myself . 


Lose weight , by getting more sugar through liver than through mouth . It is a first step to cool the heart it


Grandfather buyed me study table , would Mother ever ? 

Mother rejected me to participate in Earth Science Olympiad as well , it would only make me better in education , and better student as well . but was rejected even when there was no loss of money or concentration . 

She treats chachi as her mother , and sees me as slave of uncle's dog . 


Sunday 5 November 2023

 I don't like working in company of a boy who is marrying a girl from place where I wished to marry , and I would have hoped to marry in future as well . The girls who loved me in Dharamshala , I was very shy to talk to them . Now a guy whom I don't trust enough , since he was friend with others in old college , he came to my place as soon as I told him that I live here , and later on he made wife from that place as well . he was using me , and I felt I was not being used . he then went on finding a girl as well . 

I made friendship with prem and karan and classmates and yogesh and aunty and kewal .                            Either I would feel pride in working Lns's company , or I would feel devaluing myself to earn a permanent Income . I know I can not do well , by just studying geology , unless I study RS or GIS or I Study MSc , or do Diploma , or some Course to work in Gemology , or Soil Science . 


I only wished to pass the 2017 MSc since 2019 , for which I need to lose weight , so I can go to controller of Examination . 

I can not pass with good marks , but still with 40% Marks I cannot give Geologist Exam , or Net exam . or Apply in Foreign Country Universities , where minimum requirement is 80% . 

Geologist Exam age is 32 . Need MSc .

IAS geology Exam age is 32 . Need BSc . 


I m too late for Qualified Jobs . 


Csir net exam has age limit for Jrf is 28 , for Lectureship/Assistant Professor is no age it . 

IFS Forest Exam age is 32 . Need BSc . 


Forest Research Institute , NCESS , Wadia institute of himalayan geology , 

Without being a teacher , you can't be an explorer in India . 


Gate exam has no age it . Need MSc .


I can't change job from one to other , or I will not gain experience to work in any field of several years , . 


I am completely broken because I m BSc pass in 2017 , whose passing Certificate I will still take after increasing hair , and reducing 30 kg , and passing Certificate I have still to obtain . I could not do MSc , and I could not be able to pass in it , or do it again because MSc age is 22-24 . I m ashamed to look old , if I do it again if people will see how much gap I had , like principal sitting in the classroom . 

I wish to do Greater courses in India , to become skilled in geology . 

To apply in Geologist exam , or Upper courses in Geology I need MSc , or I need MSc to apply in Foreign universities . 



No one is stopping me from studying geology , but most geophysicist are stopping me from doing as geophysicist .


I would become a geologist and try to dig deep in earth , or use seismic waves myself to find interior of the earth , or send some x-ray wavelength having machine through the volcano . or try to find out what causes spiral from milky way galaxy , and is the centre of milky way galaxy rotating that it causes spiral with the milky way galaxy ?  And if sun makes helium , is explosion of materials that made original sun , made the planets ? and the repulsion can only be controlled by having helium type elements ? maybe humans used to climb downhill usually , that their legs are more grown it . how sea animals and corals grew as well . 


Main geologist nhi ban pa rha hun , is baat ka mujhe sabse jyada dar hai . 

Saturday 2 September 2023

Only doing foreign university MSc again can solve my problem it .

Rs . 1 = $29,333.334 . 

(If 2024, $1 = Rs . 100)

1750, Rs . 1 = 2024, $29,333.334 = 2024 , Rs . 29,33,333.4


1750, Rs . 1 = 2024, Rs . 0.000034091/ 2024, $29,333.334






Friday 25 August 2023

Scooty Details

 Air Pressure needed : Tyre Pressure – Front (F) and Rear (R) Pillion 

24 PSI (F) & 32 PSI (R)


The basic precaution in discolouration one can take is by ensuring that the two-wheeler is always parked under some dense shade. If you have no option but to park your vehicle in the open, get your bike coated with a UV protecting treatment which should help matters somewhat . using harsh detergents, or other products not meant specifically for motorcycle care may have an abrasive, fading effect on your motorcycle’s paint coat.

It is advisable to service your scooty every 2 months or 2,000 KM1. The first service is recommended after 500 km, the second service after 2500 km . 


Lubricate chain . near the clamps which keep the handlebar in place, parts of the frame which are close to the wheel, the fuel tank and its lid in particular and the rear swingarm . It is a good idea to coat your two-wheeler with an anti-rust treatment it . 

During the times when it rains, it is natural for the grime on the road to be transferred to your two-wheeler. But if you are too welcoming and let it stay for long, the mud and dirt will harden and trap all the moisture under it, accelerating the process of rusting many folds. Hose down your bike as quickly as you can after a ride in the rains, before ensuring you blow dry all the moisture too. Post that, make sure all exposed components which require lubrication get their fill . 


En sure brake oil levels are maintained and if the levers or cables require any adjustment or replacement, get it done without second thoughts . The average lifespan of an electric scooter battery is around one to three years, or 300 to 500 full charge cycles. After this, the battery carries less capacity, and the scooter will perform with less power. The battery performance can start degrading after 200-300 charge cycles. Lower-quality batteries can last less than 1 year, but good batteries can last up to 5 years. The self-start is electrical and will last as long as the battery is healthy and strong. 

The biggest enemy of the battery is adverse weather. Extreme heat and extreme cold are known to drastically reduce battery life. So, if you live in hot climatic conditions, make sure that your vehicle is always parked in a cool shade. A ventilated cover should serve your vehicle well in hot conditions.

A word of caution though; always ensure that you are wearing protective rubber gloves while handling the battery and other electrical components.

The battery terminals can pick up dust and grime over a period of time. This leads to corrosion and oxidation of the terminals. Corroded or oxidised terminals do not pass the current efficiently and might give you starting problems or can even lead to some electrical components malfunctioning. Improper voltage can not only damage the battery itself, but also components like bulbs, display consoles, etc. You can avoid this by cleaning the battery terminals once a month. Disconnect the battery, removing the negative, or black terminal first, and the positive, or red terminal next. There are speciality products available to clean the corrosion around battery terminals. You can spray these products around the corroded area and use a brush or a clean cloth (with your protective rubber gloves on) to wipe the terminals down and clear any grime. In case you don't have specialised products to clean the corrosion, you can also use a mixture of baking soda and water to clear the corrosion. Once the terminals are clean, reattach the battery cables in reverse order (red, or positive end first, followed by the black, or negative end ) . 

Apart from corrosion, you also need to clean the sulphate deposits on battery terminals from time to time. Sulphate deposits are common in lead acid batteries, and they are formed when the electrolytes in a battery start breaking down. The process is termed as Sulfation. Sulphates are the white crystalline deposits that you see around your battery's terminals. The main cause for excessive sulfation is over or undercharging the battery. In order to prevent Sulfation, ensure that optimum charge levels are always maintained on your two-wheeler battery . 

Lead acid batteries, commonly used in two-wheelers, require a certain amount of electrolytes to function properly. Regularly check the levels of these electrolytes on your vehicle's battery. If the levels are below the suggested markers, top it up with distilled water, battery water which is easily available at all auto spare part shops. Do not, in any case, use tap water for this purpose, as the minerals and impurities in it can cause corrosion inside the batteries .

If you do not turn the engine on, your vehicle's battery will ultimately discharge. So, if you plan on not using your vehicle for a long time, the least you need to do is to start the vehicle every 3-4 days and keep the engine running for about 5-10 minutes. This will juice up the battery and keep it in a good condition. This will also ensure that you won't have to worry about starting problems when you want to use your two-wheeler during an emergency. This practice is also good for the overall health of the battery. In case you are going on a long 10-15 day vacation and there is no one else who could help perform the cold start, disconnect the battery by removing the terminals. This will ensure that the energy that is already stored in the battery does not drain . 




Engine oil - every 2500–4000 kms or every 6 months with either tvs, castrol 4at or sometimes motul ( Motul 5100 oil )automatic scooter oil

Always use, mobil 4T scooter oil.



Idle the engine during cold starts . 

Engine oil plays a vital role in protecting your two-wheeler’s engine. If a two-wheeler is used frequently enough, its engine components are covered with a thin film of engine oil to mitigate the damage caused by friction when it is cranked up cold. However, if your two-wheeler has not been used for an extended period of time, you need to ensure that you let the engine idle for a minute or so before putting it under load. After long periods of dormancy, engine components lose their protective layer of lubrication as it dries up or settles down. Letting the engine idle for a couple of minutes allows the engine oil to spread to all the critical areas and brings the engine to its optimal working temperature. Cranking up and instantly driving away after a cold start can lead to engine damage. Give it a minute; it is worth it!




change spark plug every 2 years and a new a new air filter every year and cleaning it once in 6 months by pressured air.

change front fork oil and seal . 

change engine+gear oil .


insurance 



TVS JUPITER TOP 5 TYRE BRANDS LIST
Scooter VariantSizeTyre BrandTyre ModelPriceWarrantyTyre Type
110cc90/90 R12MichelinCity Pro1361 5 Years Manufacturer WarrantyTubeless
90/90 R12CeatSecura Neo1178 2 Years Manufacturer WarrantyTubeless
90/90 R12TVS EurogripDragon1326 Manufacturer WarrantyTubeless
90/90 R12TVS EurogripDragon1326 Manufacturer WarrantyTube type
90/90 R12JKBlaze1077 5 Years Company Standard WarrantyTubeless

Classic Edition90/90 R12MichelinCity Pro1361 5 Years Manufacturer WarrantyTubeless
90/90 R12CeatSecura Neo1178 2 Years Manufacturer WarrantyTubeless
90/90 R12TVS EurogripDragon1326 Manufacturer WarrantyTubeless
90/90 R12TVS EurogripDragon1326 Manufacturer WarrantyTube type
90/90 R12JKBlaze1077 5 Years Company Standard WarrantyTubeless



Have the entire switchgear checked thoroughly, and replace or repair parts showing early signs of failure. 

you can get the brake lines bled if necessary and get the spark plugs checked as well.



Replace the air filter in a timely manner 

Air-filter plays a crucial role in the efficient functioning of your motorcycle’s engine by feeding clean air to it. Riding a motorcycle with a clogged air filter chokes the engine and drastically reduces its air supply, resulting in long term damage. A clogged, unclean filter can also lead to dirty air entering the combustion chamber, which may cause damage to various critical components of the engine. Most modern two-wheeler air filters are designed to be replaced and not cleaned. Ensure that you replace the air filter on time or clean it if the manufacturer recommends it.